DETROIT (Reuters) – European automakers are most likely affected by the dockworkers strike at U.S. East Coast and Gulf Coast ports because they rely heavily on those locations, but a longer walkout could hit the industry more broadly if suppliers suffer, analysts said.
The dockworkers began their first large-scale stoppage in nearly 50 years early on Tuesday, halting the flow of about half the nation’s ocean shipping.
The International Longshoremen’s Association union representing 45,000 port workers had been negotiating with the United States Maritime Alliance (USMX) employer group for a new six-year contract.
“The East Coast brings in a lot of cars, especially the port of Baltimore,” said Steve Hughes, CEO of HCS International, which advises the auto sector on shipping issues. “If (the strike) turns into weeks, it’s going to be a tragedy.”
In the last 12 months, the ports on strike handled $37.8 billion worth of vehicle imports, Hughes said. And that doesn’t include auto parts, which are used in both making vehicles and the replacement parts market, he said.
“If you look at a GM car, you’re going to find all sorts of European and Asian parts in those cars now,” Hughes said.
The Motor & Equipment Manufacturers Association, a trade group for auto suppliers, called on President Joe Biden and his administration to force both sides back to the bargaining table.
A shortage of parts could lead some automakers to reduce vehicle production, although analysts said some may quietly welcome that. Stellantis, for example, has very high vehicle inventories.
Barclays analyst Dan Levy said 70% of auto parts imports into the U.S. come via the affected ports, although companies likely built up some inventory since the strike risk had been visible for a while. If automakers are forced to fly in parts, that could drive up costs.
“All of this is very, very inflationary,” Hughes said.
European automakers, many of which use the ports on strike, would be the most affected, Levy said in a research note.
“The European (automakers) lean heavily on Baltimore for imports and Southeastern ports (i.e. Charleston) for exports, as most of their U.S. production exposure is in this region,” he said.
BMW said it was monitoring the situation closely and working to minimize any impact, while Volvo Cars said it was devising contingency plans but had not yet experienced any noticeable impact. Officials with Volkswagen and Mercedes could not immediately be reached to comment.
European imports have accounted for as much as half of the German automakers’ U.S. sales in recent years and Volvo Car is even more reliant, Levy said. However, with inventories higher than usual, the companies may have prepared and the strike impact could be limited barring a long walkout, he said.
Truckmaker Volvo said the company stockpiled parts and looked into rerouting shipments to minimize impact and doesn’t expect any impact in the short term.
Detroit automakers could actually benefit modestly as reduced industry inventories could limit pricing pressure, Levy said. The companies, including General Motors and Ford, are more likely affected by the import of parts since most of their vehicle imports come by truck and rail from Canada and Mexico, he said.
“We are carefully monitoring the situation and have contingency plans in place,” GM said in a statement. “We will continue to work to mitigate any significant impact to our operations and will make adjustments as needed.”
The Detroit automaker declined to provide details on how it uses the ports or the nature of its contingency plans.
Ford said it was monitoring the situation, but said it was too early to speculate on potential impacts.
Asian automakers may be less affected, Levy said.
Toyota built up extra vehicle inventory over the last couple of weeks to help buy it time and it was watching the talks closely, Toyota North America Executive Vice President Jack Hollis said in an interview.
Mazda said the ports of Baltimore and Jacksonville, Florida, were important for the Japanese automaker, but its vehicle inventories were sufficient to meet short-term demand. Honda said it was affected by the strike, without providing details.
Hyundai said its logistics affiliate, Hyundai Glovis, was closely monitoring the talks and working on alternate plans to ensure delivery of vehicles.
(Reporting by Ben Klayman in Detroit, David Shepardson in Washington, Nathan Gomes in Bengaluru and Marie Mannes in Stockholm; editing by Jonathan Oatis)
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